Essay on Satire and Black Humor in Catch-22 -- Catch-22 Essays

Satire and Black Humor in Catch-22 The only thing going on was a war, and no one seemed to notice but Yossarian and Dunbar. Yossarian is one of the few normal characters found in the books, or at least he thinks he is. As the story progresses, it appears that no one is normal. Values either no longer apply, or do in reverse. In this backwards world of Catch-22, where e veryone is crazy, Heller uses non-white humor and satire to make light of an otherwise dismal situation. Satire in the book mainly attacks three general things senior military officers, professed(prenominal) and business interests, and societys remarkable reliance on forms, papers, rules and regulations. The senior officers are generally trying to intimidate and persecute the soldiers, most obviously by raising the reduce of missions, endangering the mens lives even more (Young 2). They are very selfish and ease up warped ideas about what they can do and what they can make the squadron do. They only do what the y have been told to do, and have very few if any original thoughts. General Dreedle, for example, tries to have Danby shot for moaning during a mission briefing while in his presence. another(prenominal) example of their warped beliefs is when Lieutenant Schisskopf comes up with the idea that they could stick pegs into each mans thighs and hook them together with copper wire so that the men would march better. master Black starts the Loyalty Oath Crusade, in which the men have to sign loyalty oaths for practically every task they need to perform throughout the day. They have to sign oaths to get their map cases, obtaining flak suits, being driven to their planes, and even eat or get their hair cut. His theory is that the more loyalty oaths the men sign, th... ...found in all parts of the book, they play crucial roles in making Catch-22 more enjoyable to read, and depicting the conditions felt by soldiers. Without the humor, it seems like a very disturbing and depressing tale. The characters are crazy, but we do get a good laugh at their expense. Catch-22 can be interpreted in umteen different ways though. What may be humorous to one person may be disturbing to another. Like any book, there is no handle interpretation. Works Cited Heller, Joseph. Catch 22. New York Simon & Schuster Inc., 1989. Merrill, Robert. Joseph Heller. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1987. Young, Robert M. Deadly Unconscious Logics in Joseph Hellers Catch-22. <http//www.human-nature.com/rmyoung/papers/des3.html> Magill, Frank N. Catch-22. Masterplots. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Salem Press, 1976.

Tennysons In Memoriam Essay -- Tennyson Elogy Memoriam Essays

Tennysons In Memoriam In Memoriam is an elegy to Tennysons friend Arthur Hallam, but bears the hallmark of its mid nineteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate context, the locus classicus of the science-and-religion debate.Upon reflection, Hallams tragic death has proved to be an event that provoked Tennysons embarkation upon a much more ambitious poetic project than schematic Miltonian elegy, involving meditation upon the profoundest questions faced by mankind. Scientific advancements, most notably in the fields of geology and biology, contendd the beliefs that form the foundation of Christianity the belief in a beneficent deity responsible for creation and ensuing superintendence and the belief in mans immortal soul. By the mid nineteenth century apologist arguments much(prenominal) as those of William Paley could no longer convincingly reconcile science and faith. In Memoriam stands as a work that truly represents the anxieties within the Victorian mind. Queen Victoria onc e remarked that In Memoriam was her closest consolation, after the bible, following her husbands death. This essay charts the consoling properties of In Memoriam and interrogates the notion of Tennyson as a reinventor of faith for the troubling scientific age.There is a consensus among critics, such as Matthes and Willey, that Lyell?s Principles of Geology provoked much of Tennyson?s troubling religious doubts that were to be compounded when his dearest friend was robbed from him. Lyell made no explicit challenge to Christian scripture (and indeed made attempts in his work to ensure readers did not interpret his work as such), but his assertion that the Earth?s landscape was shaped by an extremely long and gradual process of weathering presupposed a much greater age for the Earth than was allowed for in biblical chronology. basically Lyell?s theories questioned the Christian belief in Divine creation of the Earth over a period of seven days. Lyell?s discussion of the discovery of fossilise remains of extinct animals was perhaps even more troubling because it questioned the existence of a beneficent providential power and the notion of divine superintendence. Principles of Geology was so earth-shattering because essentially it questioned the very validity of euthesitic belief, whether God really does have his eye cast on every sparrow that falls to earth.Brooke asserts that In Memoriam i... ...ress to God seems to a exact reader too much like a denial of deep seated doubts through religious immersion. In Memoriam demonstrates Tennyson?s masterful handle of run-in to create a fitting tribute to his deceased friend, but his genius lies in transcending this initial subject matter to embrace one at the touchwood of the Victorian psyche- the challenge of scientific discoveries to deeply held Christian belief. He reinvents faith in the sense that he go ons a different angle to view it from, and encourage a holistic approach to the study of nature in which sci entific and religious approaches are not mutually exclusive.BibliographyBaldick, Chris The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary monetary value (Oxford Oxford University Press, 2001)Brooke, Stopford A Tennyson His Art and Relation to Modern Life (London Ibister and Company Limited, 1894)Hunt, John (ed.) Tennyson In Memoriam A casebook (London Macmillan, 1970)Mattes, Eleanor Bustin In Memoriam The Way of a Soul (New York interpretation Press, 1951)Moi, Torl Sexual Textual Politics (London Routledge, 1995)Willey, Basil More Nineteenth Century Studies (London Chatto and Windus, 1956)

About Mike Leigh :: essays papers

About Mike LeighLike many of the films watched in class there seems to be an ongoing theme in Mike Leighs films of the tragedy that is the life of those living in Britain. Fortunately, Leigh chooses to instead use these tragedies to instead promote the optimism or high hopes if you will of the people stuck in such unfortunate circumstances that argon displayed onscreen. His films seek to bring light where there is darkness and truth where there are lies.In the film Secrets and Lies, we are introduce into a family that seems to hold up quite a few problems that are on the surface and far more that are well hidden to the cosmea as well as those they call family. Instead of pulling together and expressing their feelings and problems they instead decide to draw in on themselves and keep the secrets hidden. It seems to me to be a out of sight, out of mind kind of mentality that for some odd reason they believe will help them deal with their problem. At the birthday party when things fi nally come to a head and Maurice finally says his peace and gets the secrets and the lies that they dupe all kept for so long out in the open the shoot down of his message is what is going to happen after this is unleashed upon their family. Maurice faced an unknown future when he decided to face up to his familys problems. He was the only consultation in the entire film that actually knew everything that was being kept from the rest of the family. With this knowledge comes a burden of what to do with this knowledge. With the emergence of Hortense and the discovery of her true identity element Maurice must come to grips with the truth of his family and must make them understand that they must tell each other the truth behind their demeanor. Maurices speech could have a bun in the oven had very bad consequences. He could have lost his niece, whom he views as the daughter he and his wife will never have. He also could have lost Cynthias trust in making her tell the truth of matte rs. Lastly, Maurices own marriage was on the brink due to his wifes inability to have children and she was driving him away because of it. One small turn of events could have forever veered this from the brink of tragedy right over the edge and this would have been yet another family lost to the unforgiving world in which they live.

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Essay -- Anatomy, Coron

IntroductionIn 1977, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was introduced to dilate narrow coronary arteries. Over the years, the development of the procedure knocked low-spirited major anatomical obstacles. Typic anyy the procedure involves a small incision into the leg, a catheter is inserted through the groin vein and is then steered to the blocked coronary vas via a guide wire. On the tip of the catheter is a deflated balloon. Once at the congested region of the artery the balloon is inflated, causing plaque to conjure against the artery wall, dilating the artery and restoring blood to flow 1. The initial success was demoted by the occurrence of elastic recoil. Nevertheless, scientist over came these drawbacks (well so they thought), by mounting a bare-metal stent (BMS) on the balloon of the catheter 2. Jacques Puel and Ulrich Sigwart inserted the first stent into a human coronary artery in 1986. The inflation of the balloon caused the minute expandable metal to implant into the vessel, causing the vessel to expand and remain expanded. The hindrance of elastic recoil was believed to be defeated, therefore in 1994 the U.S Food and Drug Administration approved the use of the first Palmaz-Schatz stent 3. The innovation of BMS did initially improve results, mainly by reducing the risk of abrupt closure and improving long-term results. However, a new barrier was exposed in the form of In-Stent Restenosis (ISR). The new problem included negative remodelling and neointimal formation. One way to combat ISR was the concept of coating the metallic stent with an anti-proliferative pharmacological agent. The drug coated stents, referred to as drug eluting stents (DES), delivered the drug locally from the surface of the... ...st generation SES. The second generation EES showed superior clinical and safety over PES in the SPIRT trails. extremely significant data in TLF, MACE, stent thrombosis and target lesion revascularization was demonstrated in favour of EES. However, second generation DES may not be the be all of what they are made out to be. A number of clinical trails report negative information for ZES. ENDEAVOR I and III trails and Kandazri et al. observe significantly higher rates of in-stent late lumen loss ZES verses SES. Furthermore, SORT-OUT III trails also observed negative results for ZES, reporting considerable increases in stent thrombosis, myocardial infarct and target lesion revascularisation. On comparing both of the second generation DES together, mixed results were obtained. ESTROFA-2 reported low rates of thrombosis in both ZES and ESS. Explain difference....

Ernest Hemingways Big Two-Hearted River Essay -- Big Two Hearted Rive

The world of Ernest Hemingways Big Two-Hearted River exists through the mostly unemotional eyes of the character dent. Stemming from his reactions and the inhibition of some of his feelings, the reader gets a sense of how Nick is living in a temporary escape from society and his troubles in life. Despite the disaster that befell the town of Seney, this tale rest one of an optimistic ideal because of the various themes of survival and the continuation of life. Although Seney itself is a wasteland, the pine plain and the campsite could easily be seen as an Eden, lush with life and ripe with the survival of nature. The world in the story exists as two separate but connected lines. The first that Nick encounters is the charred remains of the town of Seney, where there is nothing but the rails and the burned-over country. The second place is the alive pine plain. The river, interestingly, runs through both parts, showing how they are interconnected. The river is a office of natural connection, while the man-made railroad is another form of connecting one town to the next. By combining these two forms of connection, it could be said that every place is interconnected. Using only the river as the natural form, it connects all forms of life within the world to one another. Seney exists as the wasteland, having been ravaged and destroyed by fire to the vizor of complete desolation. The town is described by what it is lacking as a contrast to what Nick had remembered to have been there, however Nick does not display any(prenominal) sensation of loss. He had merely expected to find the town as it was before the fire, but when he does not, he simply goes to the river to watch the trout. It the trout that s... ...Nick is not yet ready for. In this way it could represent his return to civilization, which he is not yet ready for, and he therefore will continue his Edenic hiatus. While Nick himself does not react to his world as either specifically wasteland or Eden, the reader must realize that the story is a commentary on survival. Survival is a quality of an anti-wasteland, and although the town of Seney has been destroyed it will someday re-emerge. Even if it does not happen immediately, survival will go on in other places, and this is certainly an optimistic view of life. Whether it is Nick and the black grasshoppers temporary means, or the eternal survival of all of nature, the entire world cannot ever fetch an all enveloping wasteland. Work CitedHemingway, Ernest. Big Two Hearted River. In Our Time. New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1970.

Ernest Hemingways Big Two-Hearted River Essay -- Big Two Hearted Rive

The area of Ernest Heming substances Big Two-Hearted River exists through the mostly unemotional eyes of the character Nick. Stemming from his reactions and the suppression of some of his feelings, the reader gets a sense of how Nick is living in a temporary escape from society and his troubles in life. Despite the disaster that befell the town of Seney, this tale remains single of an approbative ideal because of the various themes of survival and the continuation of life. Although Seney itself is a wasteland, the pine plain and the campsite could easily be seen as an Eden, lush with life and matured with the survival of nature. The world in the story exists as two separate but connected places. The first that Nick encounters is the charred remains of the town of Seney, where there is nought but the rails and the burned-over country. The second place is the alive pine plain. The river, interestingly, runs through both parts, showing how they are interconnecte d. The river is a means of natural connection, while the artificial railroad is another form of connecting one town to the next. By combining these two forms of connection, it could be said that every place is interconnected. Using only the river as the natural form, it connects all forms of life within the world to one another. Seney exists as the wasteland, having been ravaged and destroyed by fire to the point of complete desolation. The town is exposit by what it is lacking as a contrast to what Nick had remembered to have been there, yet Nick does not display any sensation of loss. He had moreover expected to find the town as it was before the fire, but when he does not, he simply goes to the river to watch the trout. It the trout that s... ...Nick is not yet ready for. In this way it could represent his return to civilization, which he is not yet ready for, and he therefore will continue his Edenic hiatus. While Nick himself does not react to his world as either specifically wasteland or Eden, the reader must realize that the story is a commentary on survival. Survival is a lineament of an anti-wasteland, and although the town of Seney has been destroyed it will someday re-emerge. Even if it does not happen immediately, survival will go on in other places, and this is certainly an optimistic view of life. Whether it is Nick and the black grasshoppers temporary means, or the eternal survival of all of nature, the entire world cannot ever become an all enveloping wasteland. spring CitedHemingway, Ernest. Big Two Hearted River. In Our Time. New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1970.

Haya

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (NEW CURRICULUM ACCORDING TO CATALOGUE 2005 2006) charge ID Tel P. O. Box E-mail MAJOR REQUIREMENTS CR CORE BUSINESS COURSES ACCT 210 CONCENTRATION 3 BUSS 200 BUSS 211 ACCOUNTING CR 3 3 ACCT 215 ACCT 217 to ACCT 250 3 ACCT 217 to ACCT 250 3 2 ACCT 217 to ACCT 250 3 BUSS 230 3 ACCT 217 to ACCT 250 3 BUSS 239 0 0 Any business elective Total Crs 3 15 BUSS 240 BUSS 245 1 BIDS CR BUSS 248 0 data 205 3 BUSS 249 3 DCSN 205 3 DCSN 200 3 INFO 210 to INFO 250 6 FINA 210 INFO 200 MKTG 210 3 or DCSN 210 TO DCSN 250 6 3 Any business elective 3 MNGT 215 3 33 CR Total Crs ENTREPRENEURSHIP 15 CR ENTM 220 TO ENTM 250 3 15 ENTM 220 TO ENTM 250 3 48 ENTM 220 TO ENTM 250 3 ENTM 220 TO ENTM 250 3 Total Crs. GENERIC CONCENTRATION ACCT 217 TO MNGT 250 Total Crs. A schoolchild can choose to graduate with a maximum of two concentrations Any business elective REQUIREMENTS FROM OUTSIDE THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 3 15 CR ECON 211 3 Total Crs FINANCE ECON 212 3 FINA 215 to FINA 250 3 ENGLISH 208 3 FINA 215 to FINA 250 3ELECTIVE (200 & above) FOR ARTS STUDENTS maths 203 3 FINA 215 to FINA 250 3 FINA 215 to FINA 250 3 FOR SCIENCES STUDENTS MATH 204 3 MATH 204 CMPS 209 3 CMPS 209 ELECTIVE (200 & above) 3 Students cannot choose EDUC 219, EDUC 227, ECON 213, STAT 201, STAT 210, STAT 234, ITEC 242, PSPA 275 as free non-business electives UNIVERSITY GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3 ARABIC a ARABIC a Any business elective 3 Total Crs MANAGEMENT 15 CR MNGT 220 TO MNGT 250 3 MNGT 220 TO MNGT 250 3 MNGT 220 TO MNGT 250 3 3 MNGT 220 TO MNGT 250 3 3 Any business elective 3SEQ Id CVSP 201 or 202 or 205 or any 207 (A,B,C,) 3 SEQ IIe CVSP 203 or 204 or 206 or any 208 (A,B,C,) HUMANITY I from Civilization Sequence, Arabic, English, History or Philosophy 3 Total Crs MARKETING 15 CR 3 MKTG 222 3 HUMANITY II from Civilization Sequence, Arabic, English, History or Philosophy 3 ENGL 203b ENGL 204 ENGL 204c ELECTIVE (200 & above) MKTG 240 both more from CVSP 201-208 or the selecti on of two approved humanities courses as listed in the aub catalogue 2005-2006 Total Crs. TOTAL CREDITS NEEDED FOR GRADUATION 42 90 3 MKTG 215 to MKTG 250 3 MKTG 215 to MKTG 250 3 Any business elective Total Crs 3 15 IF EXEMPTED FROM ARABIC, ONE ADDITIONAL ELECTIVE COURSE IS necessitate ARABIC 213, 214, 217& 218 ARE EXCLUDED b IF EXEMPTED FROM ENGL 203, STUDENTS MUST TAKE ENGL 204. c IF EXEMPTED FROM ENGL 204, ONE ELECTIVE COURSE FROM OUTSIDE THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS IS REQUIRED. d STUDENTS WHO ELECT CVSP 205 whitethorn NOT ENROLL IN CVSP 201 OR 202 OR delinquency VERSA. e STUDENTS WHO ELECT CVSP 206 MAY NOT ENROLL IN CVSP 203 OR 204 OR VICE VERSA. 18-Aug-05

Succubus Revealed Chapter 12

My brief conversation with Kayla tormented me for the rest of the dismantleing as I corr completelyed kids at the m whole. I couldnt shake the image of her eyes as she told me most the Darkness. It was superstar of those condemnations I both blessed and cursed her psychic abilities. If she hadnt had them at entirely, I never wouldve cognize anything was amiss in the Mortensen household. barely with her imprecise understanding of her powers, I was left with too many questions about what she might limit up sensed. Erik wouldve k instantlyn instantly.T present was another thing for me to worry about.Erik. Murde release because of me.And if we were operating on the assumption that wickedness had directly acted against him, and so what was I supposed to conceive about Kayla? In the past, any unusual supernatural activity in the area had been the result of rogue forces outside of the Heaven and inferno system. After all, Heaven and Hell had certain rules they were supposed to follow. Milton was proof, however, that Hell wasnt above breaking those. So was it possible some iodin from my own side had been visiting Andrea Mortensen coincidentally during the times her condition decline? And if so, why?That, as romish had pointed out, was a question with an answer that would crack all of this wide open.My only pause in ruminating on immortal personal matters came when I tried to coax Walter into doing a house call to the Mortensens. Two beats had gotten in a fight in line, so we were all on an unprepared break while mall security sorted matters out.Santa doesnt do house calls, Walter told me.Last time I checked, thats exactly what Santa does, I countered. Ein truth Christmas Eve.Santa cant only be hired out for entertainment. Children must either wait until Christmas morning or come visit the retail wonderland Santas gazebo is in. Those are the rules.Of course you can be hired out, I said. Its why youre working here to begin with Come on, Ill pay you. Ill buy you a drink. Both, if you want. These are brusk girls who bespeak to see Santa. Their mother has cancer, for Gods sake. How can you not be moved by that?He peered at me through his spectacles. Im very sorry for their plight, plainly I cant do it. Taking on this role is a commitment for the holiday season, a vow to stay true to the spirit of Santa. If Im outside this mall while playing this role, and Bob is here playing the uniform role, because what does that say to the sisterren?I stared at him incredulously. Well, unless these children are capable of breaking the rules of time and space, none of them would know in that respects a Santa here, in Lake plant Park, or in any of the other thousands of malls in this country.I would know. I cant be Santa while Bob is playing Santa. It would break our sacred contract. Sacred pact? Its rightful(prenominal) a job I was seriously considering breaking the drinking rule. If I got him tipsy enough, surely hed agree to what I w anted.not to us, it isnt, he told me solemnly. credentials finished up their intervention, and the line began moving again, bringing the discussion to a halt forward I could point out that last Id checked, liters of whiskey werent begin of the spirit of Santa either.I might as comfortably have been Grumpy for the rest of my shift. I appreciated Walters dedication to the role, but honestly, it was broad of pushing absurdity.I stayed at curings place that night, in spite of my earlier plans to run out to Roman about what Kayla had told me. tho when I called Seth on my way space, in that respect was just something so sad and strained in his voice that I knew it was more important to be with him. Andreas worsening condition had hit him hard. He and I fatigued the night chastely, but there was a desperation in the way he held me, a sense that I was all that was keeping him going in this madness.Oh, Thetis, he whispered, kissing my cheek as we snuggled in bed. What am I going to do without you?Dont worry about it, I said automatically. Im politic here for a while.I know, he said. only when then . . .Silence. My heart lurched.I know, I said at last. I know you cant leave them. Its okay.At least until she shoots better. . . .His words faltered for a moment. I could guess his emotions because I shared them. We were both worried about that looming, unspoken fear. That maybe Andrea wouldnt get better. And the really, really stately thing was that if she didnt, then eventually, Seth might be able to come to me in Las Vegas. But how could I live with myself knowing what the price of my happiness was?He finally managed to find his words again. I understand why you get so frustrated with the universe, he said. Ive never wanted anything so often as Ive wanted to be with you. I finally got you . . . and now this happens. People talk about throwing everything aside for love, but reality doesnt work out that way. And honestly, if I was the kind of guy who could i gnore his family for his own selfish wants . . . well, then, I dont think Id be worthy of you. So here we are.Its okay, I repeated, forcing more bravery than I entangle. Well be fine. They need you. Do what you have to do.Georgina.Seth. I brushed my lips against his. This is more important right now.Than us? he asked.It took me a long time to answer. But I did.Yes.The next day I had an early shift at the mall, working with Bob. I attempted the same bargain I had with Walter, in the hopes of arranging a visit to the Mortensen girls, only to be met with the same response. Id kind of hoped that since Bob wasnt a blatant alcoholic, hed be more reasonable. No such luck. He was full of the same nonsense about the magic and integrity of the Santa role.Fortunately, things improved when I found Roman at home afterward. We had bowling practice that night, but Id wanted to talk to him in private. My other immortal friends could be coaxed on board with a lot, but as Hells hand became more obvi ous in all of this, I was hesitant to get them involved. Roman didnt baptistry the same repercussions, and I didnt mind exposing myself to the rage of my employers. I was less excited about subjecting my immortal friends to that same wrath on my behalf.Did she say anything else about this Darkness? Roman wanted to know, once Id recapped everything for him. Greater immortal, lesser immortal, outside deity?She doesnt understand what any of that is, I said. Shes only four. quintuple now, I guess.She needs to understand it, he said darkly. You should train her up.With everything else going on in her life? I think thats the last thing she needs.Not if some supernatural creature is making her mom sick Roman perched on the edge of the couch, his sea green eyes both horizonful and angry. And permits facet it, Georgina. If something is, I really cant imagine its because the powers that be have singled out that family by random. If somethings targeting Andrea Mortensen, its because of h er connection to you.I felt ill. More consequences, laid at my feet.So Andrea suffers because of me, I said, sinking into a chair. Wonderful.Its Hell, said Roman. What do you expect? If they want backwards at you for something, then theyre going to find creative ways to do it.Seems a similar(p) there are more direct ways to make me pay, I noted. Especially seeing as they own the contract on my soul. Were assuming a lot that this is Hell.Roman shrugged. Not really. We already know theyre interfering with your life. And healing and injuring are specific powers given to angels and demons.Do you think Carter could tell what visited her? I asked. If he looked at Andrea?I think he could. Roman considered for a few moments. The question is if he would get involved with it at all. You know how he is. Heaven, at least, makes a pretense of playing by the rules.I nodded slowly, remembering my last conversation and how reluctant Carter had been to intervene. True, I murmured.Well, said Roman , straightening. You can ask him right now.Huh? How?Hes approaching to practice. I everywhereheard him and Jerome talking about it yesterday.Apparently, Seth wasnt the only one with a perverse interest in watching Jeromes misfits bowl for his honor. I stood up as well.Then lets go. Ill drive.As we headed tidy sumstairs, I gave Roman a sidelong look. Have you ever wondered how youd look in a white beard and Santa hat?Roman returned my look warily. No, I have not.I quickly explained how the Mortensen girls hadnt seen Santa yet this year. He was already shaking his head before I finished the story.Come on, Roman. They need to see Santa. And I know you dont have any of those hang-ups like Walter does about multiple Santas existing together.Nope, agreed Roman. My hang-up is about preserving my dignity, no matter how honest the cause. Besides, I dont know that guilty. If you really wanted them to see Santa, you could shape-shift and put us all to shame.I scowled. It was annoying beca use it was true.Roman and I were the last to arrive at the bowling alley, often to my dismay. Id hoped to speak with Carter privately, but he and Jerome were already deep in conversation (and in their cups). The rest of the Unholy Rollers were waiting anxiously for their drawing card and gave me no end of grief for not wearing my shirt.I forgot, I said. Its no big deal. Ill wear it for the real game.Peter sighed. But it helps build team solidarity now. And that sense of bonding and closeness will make us better.Actually, said Jerome, hitting more pins would make you better.Look, I told Peter. If I have to use the fanny at some point, Ill shape-shift the shirt on.Its not the same, he grumbled.Fortunately, Jeromes impatience allowed little time for further debate on the matter. He hadnt seen how our last practice had end and was anxious to know if wed improved. We had, to be fair, but I think Jerome was expecting us to all be throwing strikes every time. When it was clear that wasnt the case, he grew impatient and angry.How can you do that? he demanded, after Cody do an impressive 9-1 spare. Why cant you just hit them all the first time? He glared at Roman. Do something.Roman look his father irritably, not liking his teaching skills questioned, especially since Cody was the opera hat of us. Why dont you? Why dont you give it a shot, Pop? Jerome had been up pacing by the driveway but wouldnt deign to actually touch a ball himself.Because its not my job, Jerome retorted.Roman rolled his eyes. Then let me do mine.While they bickered, I leaned over to Carter. I need to talk to you. In private. Can you stick around after this?Carter had been watching the father?Cson exchange, but his eyes flicked briefly toward me when I spoke. He gave a small, barely perceptible nod. And when Jerome returned to his seat a few moments later, verbal expression he wanted to leave and drink off his annoyance at the Cellar, Carter declined the offer.Nah, he said lazily, stretching . I think Ill see how this pans out. Theres no way Peter can keep throwing splits like that every time. It defies all the rules of physics.Peter looked torn on whether he should be flattered or not by that.Fine, said Jerome. If youve got any miracles you can work to help them, nows the time to cash them in.Noted, said Carter, waving as Jerome left.My lesser immortal friends were agitated by our bosss disapproval, so I focused on the game and didnt bring anything up with Carter until we finished our practice. Jerome could criticize all he wanted, but Roman really was a good teacher. I think our greatest triumph was when Peter went four frames in a row without a split, thus returning the laws of physics back to their rightful state. True, he didnt get any strikes or spares either, but by that point, we were all so exhausted that we were unforced to take what victories we could.Roman, Carter, and I let the others leave ahead of us once Id promised I would definitely wear my team shir t next time, of course. As in short as we had relative privacy, I explained my problem to Carter. His face grew graver and graver as he listened.Daughter of Lilith, he said when I was done, you know I cant interfere.Im not asking you to, I said. Not exactly. I just want to know if you could tell if someone like a demon had made Andrea Mortensen sick.Carters patriarchal eyes were unreadable. Yes. I can tell.Will you go see her with me and tell me what you sense? Thats it. Im not asking you to break any rules. Well, I didnt think I was. Honestly, I didnt understand half of these rules he was always talking about. I just need the information.Okay, he said, after what felt like forever. Ill go with you. openhanded you that information doesnt violate anything.I dont suppose, said Roman, that telling us why Hell would do this wouldnt violate anything either?I answered before Carter could. We already know. To get to me. Ive pissed some personify off, and theyre going to make me suffer by making those I love suffer.Yeah, but why Andrea? asked Roman. I mean, no offense, but there are other ways to hurt you more. Why not make Seth suffer?I couldnt help but scoff. Well. With this transfer, I kind of feel like he already I came to a screeching halt, once I realized what Id been about to say. Roman was sitting opposite me in one of the worn leather chairs, and from the ra conspire look in his eyes, I thought he was going to reach over and shake me.What? he demanded. What did you just think of?Andreas sickness is terrible, I said slowly. A horrible, unfair thing that could hurt her whole family. But theres something else. As long as shes sick, as long as the whole family needs help . . . Seth has to stay with them. He cant go to Las Vegas with me.And there it is, said Roman, wonder lighting his eyes. Thats what this transfer is about. To get you out of Seattle, away from Seth, and to make sure he cant follow. at last . . . My stomach was twisting again, just like it a lways did when I thought of people creation affected because of me. Eventually hed be able to. Andrea will either get better, or . . . or she wont.Yes, but how long? demanded Roman. How long will that take? Long enough for you to blood line even more in love with your envision-perfect scenario the one that they handcrafted for you? Long enough for you to move on with some other artsy introverted mortal? By the time hes free, it wont matter.I was staring off at Roman but not really seeing him. Jerome had always been annoyed at my relationship with Seth, chastising me for being too attached to a mortal and letting it affect my job. Carter himself had said I was doing something that Hell didnt like. Was it possible this was it? That all of these forces were moving to keep Seth and me apart?If Hell wants me away from Seth, then why not just forbid it? I asked. Jeromes given me a hard time before. Or why not just flatten out me somewhere . . . anywhere . . . that isnt here? Why shou ld they accusation that its a place Ill fall in love with?So that youll forget him, said Roman. So that you wont look back. If they ordered you apart, a teenage forbidden romance complex would kick in like that. He snapped his fingers. Youd never grasp pining for him. But this . . . this is more subtle. And effective.It is, I agreed, still reeling. Even after all of Jeromes criticism, I never thought . . . I never thought Hell would be this overrule over me being with a human.Roman had no answer for me but lifted his eyes to Carter. Youre being awfully quiet.Carter shrugged, face neutral. You two have jalopy to say. No need for me to chime in.Are we right? I asked the angel.Of course we are, said Roman. Youve always known Hell thought you were too distracted by Seth. This explains everything.Doesnt explain Erik, I said.Are you sure you have nothing to add? asked Roman, gaze still on Carter.I think we should get to the Mortensens before it gets much later, said Carter mildly. Im sure those girls have respectable bedtimes.I stood up, knowing wed get nothing else from him. I have to drop Roman off at home first. Then we can go over there.How are you going to get me in to see her? asked Carter. Itll be a little weird bringing in a stranger to a sick womans bedroom. Do you want me to go invisibly?Id been about to suggest that very thing when a new image struck me. I gave Carter a once-over. Have you ever wanted to put on a Santa suit? I have always wanted to do that, said Carter gravely.Roman groaned.Once I explained the situation to Carter, however, he was totally on board. In fact, he told me not to worry about the costume arrangements and promised to come to me at Terrys in an hour, once Id had a chance to drop Roman off. As soon as we were in the privacy of the parking lot, Carter vanished into thin air.I hope he doesnt get an outfit from wherever it is he normally does his shopping, I mused to Roman as we drove. We dont want a hobo Santa. Although, if Ia ns there, hed probably clear and say we were breaking out of the mainstreams iron grip.Goddamned hipsters, said Roman. He leaned his head against the cars window. Youre rolling the dice a little with Carter, but something tells me he wont visual modality this up, not for a bunch of girls with a sick mother. Hes an angel, after all. Hes got to earn his keep somehow.And thank goodness he doesnt have any hang-ups about Santa being at more than one place at the same time, I joked. No space?Ctime contradictions there.Roman jerked up so fast, I nearly slammed on the brakes, thinking I was about to hit something. Half a second later, I realized whatever had startled him was in his own head.Oh God, he said.What? I asked, acting like him earlier. What did you just think of?I think . . . I think Ive figured this out. There was awe in his voice.What? This mystery weve been beating our heads against? We already figured it out.Roman shook his head, wide-eyed. No . . . oh, Jesus. Georgina, if I m right . . . how do I even prove if I am? He leaned back in dismay. How do I get proof? ramify me what youre thinking, I demanded.No. Not yet. Just drop me off, and well talk when youre done. I have to figure this out.There wasnt much that was more infuriating than that. I hated having the lure of a secret being dangled before me. I hated the Ill tell you later stance. But no matter how much I badgered him, he refused to say any more. With Carter on his way to Terrys, I couldnt linger long over Roman. I had to get to Lake lumber Park first. With much grumbling, I left Roman to his machinations, after first warning him that hed better be ready to spill when I got home later.When I arrived at the Mortensens soon thereafter, I was relieved to see that Seth was around and that all the girls were still awake. Recalling Carters joke, Id worried on my drive over that it might be past the littler ones bedtime. Most of them were in their pajamas, but it was clear from their excited reactio n to me that sleep was the farthest thing from their mind. Returning their hugs, I couldnt help but imagine their response when the real act showed up.Only Brandy stayed on the couch when the others hugged me. She still smiled and nodded in greeting, but there was a haunted, hollow look that hadnt been there yesterday during our outing. My heart ached for her. After letting her have her night out, they must have told her the truth today about her mom. I sat down on the other end of the couch.Did you have fun last night?Yeah, she said. It was okay.Do you want to see the pictures? asked Kendall excitedly. She nudged Brandy. Show herSmiling at her sisters enthusiasm, Brandy produced her cell phone and gave it to me to account through. It was filled with the kinds of pictures girls her age like to take, group shots of her and her friends crowded in, some with silly faces. I was pleased to see that it looked like any other school dance. I hadnt been sure what to expect from a church. Th e shots of her in particular were stunning. Margaret had done a good job with the French twist. integrity picture showed Brandy grinning next to a cute boy with sandy blond hair. He looked like a smart surfer. I glanced over at her and raised a questioning eyebrow. She nodded.Nice, I said.A knock at the door brought everyones excited chatter to a halt. Terry looked up in surprise from where hed been leafing through a picture book with McKenna. Who on earth is that? He glanced around the room, as though doing a head count to make sure anyone who might possibly stop by was already here. I suppose with that many little girls, there was always the risk of losing track of one. Ian, Margaret, Seth, and I were also accounted for. There werent too many others who would drop in unannounced.I dont know, I said cheerfully. Seth, why dont you answer the door and see?Seth immediately picked up on the tone in my voice. He shot me a questioning look but walked over to the door anyway. He turned the knob and leaped back in astonishment when Carter burst in through the door.Well, I was taking it on faith that it was Carter, based on our earlier conversation. Because really, the man who entered the living room looked nothing like the disreputable angel I knew. In fact, he didnt look like any of the Santas I knew. He looked better. There was magic in the way he moved his round frame. His red suit seemed to shimmer, and his rosy cheeks looked like hed just come in from the North Pole, not a dreary Seattle winter.He had out-Santaed Santa.Ho ho ho he bellowed, in a voice that filled the entire house. Merry ChristmasDead silence and wide eyes met him for a few moments. Then Kendall and the twins began squeaking in delight as they ran over to him. Santa SantaWhat are you doing here? demanded Kendall. You arent contractually obligated to come here until Christmas Eve.True, he said in a favorable voice that I still couldnt believe was Carters. But I have to find out what you want f or Christmas, dont I?This was met with more oohs and ahhs, and the twins urged him to sit down on the couch. Brandy scrambled out of the way, and Kendall immediately took her turn first, claiming Santas lap.Margaret and Terry looked like they were going to burst into tears. Ian looked dumbfounded. Seth caught my arm and pulled me to the side.Is that one of the guys you work with? he whispered.I grinned. In a manner of speaking. Its Carter.Seth did a double take, wearing the amazement Id felt earlier. Really? But how . . . I mean . . . even his body . . .Mysterious ways, I replied.Kendall was rattling off a list of board games and economics books. Nearby, the twins stood quivering with excitement, eager for their turn but too well bred to show bad manners in front of Santa. After a few subscriptions to prominent business magazines and newspapers, Terry gently cut Kendall off and suggested she let her sisters take a turn. Kendall agreed eagerly, but not before throwing her arms around Carter and thanking him.Okay, said Seth, drawing me near. This was kind of amazing. Not that I should be surprise by anything you do anymore. He kissed my forehead. We definitely have to make the most out of your last month. If were going to be apart for a long time, then we have to find a way to work around my schedule here.I started to protest and tell him not to change his plans with the family because of me but stayed silent instead. just about desperate part of me wondered, what did any of it matter? If Hell wanted us apart, then we couldnt stand against that. A long time would become never. Maybe I really should be trying harder to maximize these last precious days. And yet if I did . . . would that make Hell work harder against us?Glancing up, I saw Morgan had now replaced McKenna on Carters lap. They were having a discussion on the virtues of two different kinds of pony action figures. Morgan wasnt sure what kind she wanted.Princess Ponies come in more colors, she told him seriously.True, he said. But some of the Power Prism Ponies are unicorns. And you can do more stuff with their hair.Across the room, I saw Kayla curled up in a chair, watching Carter raptly but making no moves to talk to him. Slipping away from Seth, I walked over and knelt beside her.Are you going to tell Santa what you want? I asked in a very soft voice.It took Kayla several moments to tear her gaze from him. Hes not Santa, she said. I was grateful she spoke as softly as me. No one else heard.Of course he is, I said. Who else would he be?Hes not Santa. She smiled and studied him again. Hes beautiful. Hes more beautiful than anything.No human could see an angel in his or her true form, unless the angel revealed it. Even then, a human would be destroyed by it. No, Kayla wasnt seeing Carters true form, not exactly, but she was seeing something. Some raise of his true nature. I felt a moment of envy, wondering what it was she saw, what her senses allowed her that mine didnt. Whatev er it was, Id never know, but the enchanted look on her face made it clear it was wonderful.Beautiful, she repeated. She looked back at me. Can he stop the Darkness?Hell try, I said. Not the entire truth, but it would have to suffice. Can you pretend hes Santa? Tell him what you want for Christmas?She nodded solemnly, just as Morgan finished and Carter beckoned toward us. I walked Kayla over. I helped her onto his lap, and he glanced up at me with twinkling gray eyes. Those, if nothing else, were definitely Carters. I stepped back and let them talk. Kayla continued staring adoringly at him, but no one except me knew what truly captivated her. She looked like any other child starstruck by Santa as she related her list, making no mention of his beauty or supernatural creatures prowling through her home at night.Leaving them to it, I quietly went upstairs and peered in Andreas room. She was awake, reading a book. Dark circles hung under her eyes, and her face looked gaunter than last t ime. She nonetheless gave me a cheery smile.Georgina, she said. I shouldve known you were the source of all that commotion.I laughed. Not all of that. A friend of mine is here, playing Santa for the girls. Hes taking their Christmas orders right now.Her expression softened, resembling the near tears Id seen on the others faces. Thats very bouquet of him. And of you.Would you like to meet him before he leaves? I asked.Andrea grimaced and absentmindedly patted her hair. Yes, in theory . . . but Lord. I look terrible.Believe me, I said. He doesnt care.When I went back downstairs, Kayla had finished, and Carter was trying to get a list out of Brandy who told him point-blank there was no way she was getting on his lap.I think you have plenty to work on with their orders, she told him good-naturedly.And theres nothing you want? he asked in his best echoing Santa voice.Nothing you can give, Im afraid, she said. Her smile faltered. But thanks.Carter peered at her with that pierce look he sometimes used on me, the one that seemed to look right inside me. No, he agreed. Youre right. But I can give you all my prayers. And my hopes for the best.Brandy stared at him, caught up in that gaze, and simply nodded. I dont think she knew what a powerful thing it was, for an angel to offer all of his prayers, but she most sure sensed the sincerity and intention in his words. Thanks, she repeated.I caught hold of Carters arm. Their mom wants to meet you, Santa.He stood up and followed me to the stairs. We passed Ian along the way, who watched us condescendingly. Arent you going to ask what I want?Carter paused and looked him over from head to toe. Sorry. My workshop doesnt do shabby chic. Carter continued following me, despite Ians protest that his style was vintage and that shabby chic is for wannabes.If Andrea felt insecure at the thought of meeting a stranger, she did a good job of hiding it. Indeed, when Carter walked into her bedroom, a little awe passed over her face, remi nding me of Kayla. Andrea couldnt see what her daughter had, but I think she sensed some of Carters grace. He came to a halt at the foot of her bed and took of his red hat in a genteel style, revealing rows of white curls.This is my friend Carter, I said, after first making sure no one small had followed us.Mrs. Mortensen, he said, dropping the showmanship. Its very nice to meet you.She smiled, and the joy in it made her beautiful, despite her weary state. Nice to meet you too. Thank you for coming over and seeing the girls.Their exchange was brief. He said something nice or funny about each girl, making Andreas smile grow and grow. She in turn couldnt stop thanking him. When the pleasantries were finally done, I bid her farewell and stepped outside the room with Carter. I unlikable the door and was about to head downstairs when he caught my hand.Did you see what you needed to? I asked quietly.He nodded, face grave, looking more like Carter than ever. You were right. Her condition was made worse by a demon.Can you tell which demon? I asked. I knew Jerome didnt have my best interests at heart, but it was a hard thing to think of him purposely harming those I cared about.No, said Carter. But it probably wasnt Jerome. Its the kind of dirty work a minor demon would do. I can also tell you that her illness, originally, was natural. Nothing gave this to her.They just made her relapse when she was starting to get better. To get to me. To keep Seth busy.Carter nodded.Okay. Thank you for coming here tonight. I appreciate it. I started to turn, and he again stopped me.Georgina . . . There was an odd, troubled note in his voice, one I didnt usually associate with confident, laconic Carter. Georgina, Ive told you over and over that there are rules about what I can and cant do, how much I can be involved. As a general rule, Im really not supposed to do too much active interference in mortal lives.I understand, I said.But what happened to her . . . He frowned slightly. Th at was another breaking of the rules, something that shouldnt have happened. And in this situation, two wrongs can make a right.I stared up at him in amazement. What are you saying?Im saying that I can heal her. I cant completely eradicate the cancer, but I can take it back to the level it was at before she was harmed this week. I can undo what they did to her and clean the slate.My jaw wanted to drop. That . . . that would be amazing Carter still looked sad, and I couldnt figure out why. Did he feel like he was violating a rule, even if he was righting a wrong? Whats the matter?He sighed. What you and Roman said earlier . . . about Hell wanting to keep you and Seth apart? About how her condition keeps him here? Well . . . its possible, this is exactly what they want. She got better, then they made her worse again. Then, if she gets better on her own or because of me then everyone gets hopeful again, until they come back and make her worse. Im not saying they will come back. But that they could. A limbo state like this ensures Seth rest around. If I heal her now and I will if you want I might be perpetuating that.There were two key things I pulled out of that. One was a very, very subtle acknowledgment that Roman and I were right. Oh, Carter wasnt saying for sure that Hell was after Seth and me, but he certainly wasnt denying it either. It was all part of that careful angel way of his. The other thing the most startling one was the implication that thwarting Hell meant keeping Andrea out of the limbo they wanted her in. Seth would always be tied to his family if she moved in and out of health. If she completely recovered, he would be free. And if she died . . .No, I said. It doesnt matter. Heal her. I dont care if he stays here forever, so long as it keeps her alive.Carter nodded, and something shone in his eyes, something a little like pride . . . and sadness. I thought youd say that.He knocked gently on Andreas door before stepping back inside. Sorry to bother you, he said. But I forgot to ask what you wanted for Christmas.Andrea laughed, eventually degenerating into coughing. Reaching for a glass of water beside her bed, she finally recovered herself. Thats nice of you, but Im too old.Never, said Carter. There must be something.Andrea was still smiling, but it grew a little wistful. There is something, she said. I wondered if shed ask to be cured, which was obviously what Brandy had wanted as well. I want . . . I want my girls to be happy. No matter what happens to me, I want them looked after and cared for.Carter-as-Santa studied her with that soul-searching gaze, and it was as though something passed between them, something I wasnt part of. At long last, he said, I swear, it will be so.He walked over to her bedside and extended his hand to her. A chill ran down my spine as he did. I swear. Those werent words an angel could say lightly. Id thought what hed said earlier to Brandy was powerful, but it was nothing compared to th is. Tentatively, Andrea took Carters hand. I saw nothing blatant, no blinding flash of light or anything like that. I didnt even feel anything with my immortal senses. But Andreas face transformed, growing radiant and dreamy, as though she were seeing and hearing the most beautiful things in the world. When Carter released her hand, she smiled at him and closed her eyes, drifting into sleep.You healed her? I asked, deciding not to mention the promise.Yes, he said. She wont remember much of my visit.Probably just as My cell phone rang, and I hurried out of the room to answer it before Andrea woke up. It was Roman.Hey, I said.Hey, are you still with the Mortensens?Yeah, why?Because I think Ive figured out how to prove my theory, he said, voice stern and strained.I still dont even know what your theory is, I said.You will soon enough. Ask Seth how he feels about hypnosis.

Slumdog Millionaire Analysis

The film Slumdog Millionare tells a compelling story of an eighteen year old Indian boy from the dirty slums of Mumbai who manages to cash in the main prize of the TV-show Who wants to be a millionaire? Combined with the directing of Danny Boyle and co-direction from Indian Lovleen Tandan, this 2008 movie is a great vanquish up between Hollywood and Bollywood. The film based on Vikars Swarups novel tells a dramatic and romantic story with a twist of irritability through a set of very cogent actors.The prot pastnist of this movie is eighteen year old slumdog Jamal Malik. Taking Jamals past in consideration, its highly unlikely that an uneducated boy from the Mumbai slums is able to reach the final question of Who wants to be a millionaire? Some people arent happy with this, and he is being accused for deceit. This is primarily what we are being introduced to in the opening scene, and it starts off with Jamal being interrogated and tortured by suspicious minds who estimate he has ch eated. The story then flashes back in time to the day he participated on the TV show. Shortly after the story takes a trammel back to his childhood, where Jamal and his brother, Salim, and some friend are running away from Indian officers for playing of private property. Throughout the movie we unravel more stories of his life, which ultimately helps him reach the main prize.As Jamal continues to answer questions, he looks back at his childhood. We soon find out that Jamals mother is killed and that Jamal is forced to live on the streets with his brother, Salim. During their duty tour at the reck little streets of Mumbai they meet a girl named Latika. The three of them is then later discovered by a man who runs an orphanage where they get nourish and food, in return the children is sent out on the streets during the day to collect money as beggars. As it turns out the man is not as seemly as he appears to be and Jamal and Salim manages to escape, unwillingly leaving Latika behi nd. Once again Jamal and Salim are back on the streets.As the story progresses Jamal is portrayed as a person who never gives up on what he sets out to do. In this context, its his quest to find the love of his life, Latika. His love for her sets him out on a life experiencing journey which finally places him in the seat of Who wants to be a millionaire? His brother, Salim on the other hand is portrayed as a more kinetic person. In fact he is quite unreliable, he is not an evil person, but his selfishness and hunger for money and control hurts the ones around him, tearing him apart from his get brother and rescinding their connection.As stated earlier there are flashbacks in this movie, in fact the flashbacks are present throughout the whole movie. The fascinating function about this though is how cleverly the directors have combined two stories running parallel to each other, making them crash together during the end and creating the present. This leaves the viewer meddlesome ho w Jamal will answer the final question in an exciting and creative way.Through clever camera use and light setting, the film has an intriguing emotional state to it. There is a attracter of shifting between strong colours and dark colours, the latter mostly used in dramatic and scenes crack during the night. The warm colours on the other hand create a feeling of heat which fits perfectly to the setting. Also the music plays a big role in setting the mood of the film. The use of Indian music especially furthers the intriguing feeling. Focusing on camera use, its interesting to see the way the directors shot scenes from a childrens point of view during the flashback scenes from Jamals childhood.This gives the viewer a feeling that the children are small compared to the big wide world. Furthermore a lot of close-up shots are used during conversations which give the viewer the ability to see more detailed facial expressions which is something that pulls the viewer more in to the sto ry. Also worth mentioning is the distinguish we see of the wealthy parts of India compared the poor parts through the use of camera. For example we get an overview from the Mumbai slum during one of the flashbacks this really helps stating that India has had an enormous economic evolution during recent years.In my eyes the film creates a message thats telling you to never let go of your goals, and to be optimistic and focused. Just because soulfulness grew up with a poor and tough childhood, it does not mean that this person have a lesser intellect life or is worth less than you. Anything is possible, with good dose luck. Subliminally I think this movie also wants to show off Indias present economic situation compared to a decade ago and how Indias wealth has increased.Personally I really enjoyed watching this film, one of the main reasons for that is the way the story is laid out. It makes it exciting and it also blows some impertinent life in to the well know Who wants to be a millionaire? It is certainly not the first thing I would have thought making a movie about. The fact that behind every question there is a story is quite exciting and it leaves me waiting for the next turn. On this foundation, I potently recommend this movie to everyone.

Locke and Publius

John Locke and Publius Valerius Publicola two believed in the capabilities of pile to resolve out for themselves. This reason is root in a commonwealth which is the product of the peoples rationality, forming, framing and judging that commonwealth. They both value the peoples ability to judge and meet things, and that these people ar the great considerations in creating rules and laws in the society.John Locke is an English philosopher who is considered to be a British empiricist, entirely is an important prop onent of the social stimulate theory (Krishnananda, 2004). This theory is the view that tells us about the peoples moral (and political) obligations depends on an agreement which is set between them in order to plaster cast our society. The power lies in the people and that they ar way above the government. The government is merely a tool of the people, such that they need the consent of these masses for them to go on with their governance. If not, it will eventu in all y lead to a rebellion.This means that the true power lies in the hands of the people, and that the government is merely a manifestation of that power. The people be protected by the rights of life, liberty and property, and that they have full potential in exercising these rights. The government is there to supervise and see that these rights of the people are achieved, and if not, the people could choose to reinstate an diametrical(prenominal) government in the form of a rebellion.Lockes perspective greatly affected the political philosophy and that he is considered to be a major proponent of the fine-looking theory. Being liberal means concerning yourself with the concerns of the people, thinking of their needs and welfare, like their health, ho employ, education their jobs, their rights and liberties. Being liberal entails that you are looking ahead and not behind, being open to new ideas without rigid or violent reactions. The people are the main cause of liberalism. They ar e the ones toughened as being the most important. It doesnt just battle local governance, it shows that people should be treated well, always looking forward to meet their needs.Publius is a pseudonym that was taken up by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. This is taken from the Roman consul Publius Valerius Publicola who was a proponent of the Roman Republic. Most of the writings are done by Alexander Hamilton, who wrote about 51 of the 85 Federalist text file. James Madison, who was greatly credited for the creation of the Constitution, has written about 29 of the papers. Meanwhile, John Jay, who wrote more than or less 5 Federalist papers, became the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.The federalist papers that they wrote were pioneering. It became proponents of the law-making body of the country and that it could be accounted as important philosophical articles. When the Constitution was being thoroughly scrutinized in the late 1787, it was this instant subject to criticisms especially by the anti-federalists. Anti-federalists papers under the pseudonym Cato and Brutus has surfaced.In response to that, Hamilton began writing the federal papers to contradict the opponents of ratification. He responded by explaining the new Constitution to induce its ratification. He has written the first federalist paper wishing to satisfactory answer all the objections that seem vague or catch the attention of the people.Hamilton recruited opposite people to write with him, and they took the roman name Publius, from Publius Valerius Publicola, who was not only a defender of the public provided actually one of those who has contributed in shaping it. He was one of the first consuls who took position after the Imperial rule and has maintained it that way. He opposed the make-up and taking position of kings.His surname actually meant friend of the people, that is why it really fits to be used as a pseudonym by those who fights for the rights of the peopl e. Hamilton. The writings were for the most part pro-people federalism, and how it values a large following of the republic. It gives power to the national and state governments, and follows a plastered central power at that. Hamilton and the others advocated this cause, which they see is fit for the coupled States, basically because it unites the power and governance under one head. Leadership and unity has really been a big factor in this set-up.On being liberalBoth John Locke and Publius (Hamilton, Madison, and Jay) are liberals. Both of them believe in welcoming new ideas without the rigidity of reactions and that they always see through the peoples welfares. This is both their concern, making sure that they receive the appropriate attention in destinations of benefits like housing, schools, rights and more. Their outlook is looking ahead, and not regretting decisions that they have made.For John Locke, liberalism is a term attached with a lot of meanings, and that you could associate a lot of things to it. Locke associated liberalism with religion, wherein he clearly defines its difference with other types of liberalism. He compared religious liberalism to free-market liberalism, in terms of the eon of existence. He said that this type of liberalism is in support of religious freedom, including tolerating it and the clear delineation of the church from the state.It also gives the people freedom on how they will date the writings of the Scripture (Bible). This opens a new view for the people, since it is a perspective that rejects the idea of heresy, wherein you can get expelled or denied from the church, tried and burned at the stake, or be excommunicated from the society, thus greatly affecting your job and could cause loss of life and property. All of this is because if holding different or contradicting views of what is being taught in the church or by the religious authorities.Publius Valerius Publicolas take on liberalism was manifested by the writings, which prove to be pro-people. Even though it takes into consideration the concerns of lead and legal opinion the country, they noneffervescent take the people as a very important factor in the interests of the country.He expresses his views and concerns regarding the peoples welfares through enacting and passing laws that enrich their rights to certain liberties. Federalism helps in securing democracy and human rights because it is given as a free choice to the public. If ever they are not satisfied in the condition of another place, say another state, he can clearly move to another. This is a clear representation of his efforts to promote liberty for the people even though he emphasizes on proper leadership and politics.Similarities and differencesAn evident similarity between Locke and Publius was their bond paper to the people. For both of them, the people should be the center of concern and be the top precession for the leaders. Locke considers giving the people f reedom and freeing them from the unjust standards and laws that has been put up before. In Lockes time, people are wrongly tried, instantly getting final stage sentences when they oppose the view of church. He wishes to abolish that view and end the trials because of heresy.He wanted the people to experience freedom not only with their right to live, but to be able to express themselves. They can also choose what they want to say for and against the church since it is their point of view. But many opposed this, especially those fondling the robes of the priests and church officials of that time.On the other hand, Publius advocates the welfare of the masses with the emphasis of unifying under a single body of leadership. The surname itself is a manifestation of his attachment to the people. It means People-Minder or Friend of the people which he lives up to others expectations. He gave a lot of benefits to these people, thus raising their confidence on the importance of leadership, an essential ingredient of federalism which is what Publius rooting for.The federalist papers are manifestations of their attachment to the people. They have devised it in a way that they are not hurting the interests of the majority while imposing unification under one head. Publius was proponent of excellent leadership, which doesnt undermine the ideas of the people, instead stresses on their interests. These papers where written to support the theme, and the constitution greatly considers the welfare of the people, along with these different states.There are also obvious differences between the two. John Locke is more into the religious orientation. His ideology on liberalism was on a religious footing. It was clear that wishes to spread his ideas on religious liberalism to the people. John Locke is much more of a calmer personality, being peace loving in nature. On the other hand, Publius was more on the political orientation. He gives emphasis on what it takes to be a leader of a nation, wherein all the power lies in his hands.He is undeniably a big influence in what we have today as the successful Federal government, which is why his outlook is highly political. In one of the writings, Publius stressed his disagreement of people involving into factions.This is because it is detrimental in the interests of the federal state, and that it encourages conglomeration of people who are against something, instead of directly addressing it to the federal government. This is to avoid an imbalance in the power from the people, thus could lead into a political unrest. To prevent this, there are corresponding punishments to such same actions. This is a manifestation of his affirmation of ruling with an iron hand while embracing liberalism.Locke and Publius attachment to reasonLocke has a clear view of reason and distinguishes it from what others perceive as faith. Faith for Locke is a settled, steadfast principle which emanates of an assurance and has no shadow o f doubt and hesitation. Faith can only be measured if a persons agreement is with celebrate to a testimony from God, a response to the words of the Creator himself. But the question of uncertainty arises here, wherein how can one be sure that the testimony comes directly from God, or really is from God.Then we should have the liberty of checking on the credibility whether or not it came from the Creator himself. Weighing it against reason, Locke then distinguishes it by saying that it (reason) is the husking of the actuality or the sureness of such claims or truths which the mind gets by making inferences and deductions. This are usually achieved with the use of mans natural facilities, by using his senses and reflecting on it.We have been given of a lot of ways to perceive things, including the perception of what is true, as it is cogitate to reason. According to Locke, the reason is structured into the three degrees of knowledge, wherein it is related into making various judgme nts. Comparing faith and reason, the former is said to be the agreement to something that is proposed which is not through the basis of reason, but instead based on Gods authority, his most extraordinary ways. God has been a factor as to how we tackle things. Reason is based on senses and Faith is based on Gods intervention.On the other hand, Publius has no concrete attachment to the supposition of reason, wherein all his accounts can be justified towards his attitude on leadership and the propagation of peace and liberty in his reign. But as we can see, there may somewhat be a connection on the concept of reason with his pursuit of not affirming the rule of a king or monarchy, thus putting the rule into a sovereign body that would unify all necessary forces under one set of laws and rules.This is a manifestation that he is concerned with reason, such that having a king signifies something devoid of reason since there is a dictator. One cannot fully get the grasp of liberty if ther e are those who are telling you what to do, and that is basically what the king does. So, this is a manifestation of Publius connection to reason.Locke on VirtueAccording to John Locke, we refer to the nature of our thoughts, the words we speak, and the action that we do as virtue. It is basically the center of our Absolute-Experience wherein we can attain the meaning of real happiness, the true goal of living a human life. We are veering towards self-realization, and as we go towards it, we dont mind fearing punishment and any other forms that could discourage us from our goal. We are moving towards it since it is the true goal in life. This is how Locke grasps the concept of virtue, just like how Publius sees it.ConclusionJohn Locke and Publius are two different mindsets from different times. They may have different views on things, but they also have a lot of similarities. These two are truly great proponents of ideals and beliefs, and has been the reason for the establishment of various laws and regulations that are present in out society even today. Their countless contributions had been the basis of various ideologies that has spurn out of time from other great people. They are truly amongst the strong foundations of our society and their ideas prove great importance for everyone in the society today. Because of their ideas, we really owe them a lot.ReferencesKrishnananda, S. (2004). Studies in proportional Philosophy John Locke. Retrieved April 2, 2007, from http//www.swami-krishnananda.org/com/com_lock.htmlLendering, J. (2005). Publius Valerius Publicola. Retrieved April 2, 2007, from http//www.livius.org/va-vh/valerius/publicola.html

Kite Runner †Religion Roles/How Political Events Effect Characters Essay

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The Garden

I remember my first day of finishing school clearly. Nightingale finishing school for Girls was bombinate with pupils, ready for the new school division ahead of them, and telling tales of their . I felt out of place. It might keep been that I had the wrong hairstyle, or that my shoes were not the right style, maybe it was the concomitant that I had nobody to talk to, maybe it was all of these. I bop now that it was something more stranger than that, a power that repelled certain people outdoor(a) from me it was standardized trying to attract wrong ends of magnets together.I saw a group of girls and decided they must have been the popular clique. T here(predicate) was a buzzing air round them, as considerably as a larger crowd. They were all stunning with not a hair out of place. They looked over to me as I stood alone. The look was icy, and I presumed this was just because I was the new girl, an outcast. I turned away and found a place to sit alone, when I felt a sharp ta p on my back. It was one of the girls from the corner.She had waist-long, wavy butter-coloured hair. Some of her hair was secured with a very ornate cameo pin. Her fluttering eyelashes curled upwardly in the most graceful fashion. Even her drab school uniform seemed to suit her perfectly. She had the elegance and beauty of an exotic white tiger. I turned around and said nothing I was far too intimidated to answer. It seemed as if the tiger was ready to pounce.Who are you? There was a sharp pause. You must be the new girl then.I tried to reply but simply couldnt. It was standardized trying to talk when under the pressure of deep water. She looked at me as if I were a leper. Offended, she mumbled something inaudible and snarled like a dog,Whats the matter with you? I want to warn you not to get in the way here. Dont dope with us and you might just get along here.All eyes seemed to be on me as she hurried back to her crowd, to regain her place as queen bee. Her friends laughed and t hen went back to their conversation as if nothing had happened.Half way finished my day, I knew that I wouldnt fit in very well I was frustrated at the fact that I might not queue any friends at all. As soon as we were allowed a supernumerary period and retire to the hall again, I escaped to the great library. It was a large, magnificent room, which looked as if I could blend in and not be detect by anyone. The walls, books and floor were my only company. I reflected over my day and what had happened. Nobody understood what I was going through, and how difficult it was for me to speak to them. This triggered thought about my belated mother.She died at the tender age of 33. Mostly, Im over the death of my mother. At the time of her death, I didnt understand what was happening. I thought that I was too young to be wearing a black dress only older women seemed to wear them. It was to a greater extent uncomfortable than my normal dress and I didnt want to wear it at all. I didnt und erstand at my young age that it would have been unacceptable, and disrespectful to my dead mother, for me not to. The clothes my mother dressed me in were much more comfortable, and they smelt of her scent wherever I went.The week after her death, I started to wonder where she had gone. I missed her greatly after a few weeks, because my experience was much stiffer and stricter, if he was there for us at all. He seemed more into his work and gambling than caring for his children.My personality, as well as my brothers, changed at this point. I became much more reserved, unwilling to talk to anyone other than my brothers. I didnt particularly witness like talking to them either I only talked to them when it was necessary. Nobody seemed to concern about me, either. I spent most of my time in our luscious garden. I enjoyed the cool shade of the willow tree in the summer there I could hear the sweet birds chirping. I could smell the blooming flowers, their rich colours like confection ery to the eyes. Here was the only place I could find peacefulness, and shut myself out from the rest of the uncaring domain of a function. I disliked my father for what he had done he was responsible for sending me hereHello. My quiet thoughts were interrupted. I wondered if you knew where the gardens were.I looked up at my intruder, confused. There were no gardens, as far as I knew, at this school. He was a tall boy, of about fifteen years. I noticed that he wasnt very handsome, but there was a mysterious air about him which made him seem attractive. I wondered what he was doing here this was a girls finishing school after all. I attempted to say that I was new here, and didnt know where it was, but all that came out was a dim squeakNo, sorry. He started to walk away. He turned around and saidOh, okay. Good night. And may I say that you have the prettiest eyes I have ever seen.I blushed violently, and went back to my book about wild animals.*That night I had a spectacularly viv id dream. I could see luscious super acid grass and fragrant flowers filled the space. I saw the beautiful colours of the wildlife exotic birds and unidentifiable mammals. There was a small spinney which caught my eye the branches were waving behind in the cool breeze, and a pool of sparkling water beside it. The landscape was truly beautiful it was like being in a different world.I saw my mother reflected in the water where I leant over. She looked as beautiful as ever, as beautiful as a rose. She was slightly different from what I remember, as if she had bloomed further. Her face was a little more blushing and her nose was slightly more pointed. Her strawberry-blonde locks looked just like mine, as well as her beautifully deep blue-green eyes.I realised after a few seconds that this was not my mother, but I. I was truly taken aback by how much I looked like my mother I suppose I had not before looked into my own reflection properly.That was the day that changed my life. I had no t experienced such(prenominal) a vivid dream before, but they started to happen much more a great deal. They started to affect my concentration in the school I longed to be outside, free, with no cares and responsibilities. I thought that it was just my imagination running wild, and longing for my comfortable past back.Having an appearance like my mothers helped my self-confidence. I was sure that she was extremely beautiful. I knew that I could never look as dazzling, as striking as her, but I knew that I was certainly not ugly. I noticed that my voice was coming through once again no longer a muffled squeal. However, I still felt like hardly anyone liked me. I spent my evenings in the library, my enigmatical hideaway. I was starting to get used to this school life wasnt as bad as it used to seem.*A year later, and my evenings were still as normal, uninterrupted and peaceful. I felt a wave of sleep come over me, so I closed my book and curled up into a ball. I didnt realise at th e time that this was not in a most ladylike fashion my tiredness seemed to take over. It was not unusual to feel tired after a long day, so thought nothing of it at the time.Whilst in my sleep, I had another vivid dream. It was pleasant, the season in my world seemed to have changed to winter, but it was still beautiful. A soft blanket of snow covered the grass, and sparkling ice covered the pool of water where I often sat and thought about my mother. The leaves had left the trees in the spinney, and a layer of frost covered them. It was quite spectacular, everywhere sparkled and dazzled in the midday sun. I stumbled over a root in the spinney, but a striking evergreen bush broke my fall.Im sorry for my impoliteness, I was awoken. It was a boy, the same boy that I had come across on my first day at this school. But I wondered if I could talk to you?I felt shy, but overly warmed by his presence. Something about him made me feel slightly more comfortable than usual. This feeling was similar to the one I had when my mother was still alive. I was daydreaming, and didnt realise there was a pause in the conversation.Its just that I feel as if we are in the same situation. He said, and sat down pat(p) on the couch next to me. As I was slightly taken aback by this, I said nothing. My face asked the questions.My mother died when I was young. I came here because I sensed that someone with the power was near. He said, gently. I know that youve had trouble fitting in, just like I did. People like me and you dont, generally. People can sense that you have something different, which wards them off.I was slightly confused, so I decided to ask him what the power was. Was it the power to enter a secret garden in my sleep?What is the power?It is when you have the ability to enter a supernatural world, full of peace and harmony whenever you wish. I gained mine a few years after my mother died she passed the power on to me. That is why I asked you last year whether you knew the way to the gardens.I began to understand. This boy truly knew what I was feeling, and I could talk to him, as if I were a normal girl and my feelings mattered to him he could empathise with me and vice versa. We instantly connected and I felt at ease. I couldnt believe that I had met someone who knew how I felt, and what my life was like We had been talking for two hours before I noticed that I was late to my anteroom room.I have to go I said.He asked me if I could stay for just a little while longer.I knew that inside, I wanted to stay. I wanted to stay with him forever, but simply had to go. I left after a couple of minutes. I was ecstatic I couldnt have asked for more than a friend at that point in my life. I dont know what I would have done without somebody to understand me, at least for one day. I never did ask what he was doing at our girls school that day the thought never crossed my mind whilst our conversation was flowing. It flowed like a river, never ending, and as we c ontinued to meet it stayed that way. We shared our secret desires and passions, as well as sharing the stories of our past.Together, we also discovered that we could enter the garden with each other. I dont know how it happened, but as we held each other in a warm embrace, the light appeared. We did so more and more, and over the days, weeks and months, the garden appeared to bloom just like our friendship. The gardens wildlife became more and more stunning. Even the non-living pool appeared to be spilling with life.He was my only friend, and I wanted it to stay that way, forever.

Effect of Part Time Work Among Student Essay

In todays world, just as almost all individuals who atomic number 18 obligated to meet their own necessitys have to find a well-paid job, a myriad of students also fell obliged to work in coordinate to afford their educational expenses because of their economical conditions. In this regard, there are a lot of compulsive or negative effects of this case in basis of gaining a sense of responsibility and academic failure.To begin with gaining a sense of responsibility, it is a well-known fact that having a job is a contributory compute in gaining a sense of responsibility. A job enables people to determine their prioritites and show respect to business ethics. Students who have a job could learn many useful knowledge on how to organize their fourth dimension properly. Moreover, they would understand how to combat social and economical problems in their lives. Eventually, should you work and study at the same time,you need to be disciplined and self organized person.On the orher hand, academic failure can be regarded as the negative aspects of having a part time job. t is quite likely that students who are forced to work and study at the same time may not allocate sufficient amount of time to their studies. Due to this, although individuals in question show great determination to study,they may not pass their exams and they may fail in their studies.All in all, whilst gaining a sense of responsibility is the favorable aspects of having a part time job, academic failure can be regarded as the unfavorable outcomes of this. In this sense, in my opinion, positive aspects outweigh the negative aspects.

Iago Essay

Karolis 12A H/W Iago is a eccentric who is prize and loathed in the equal measure to what close is he both a hero and scoundrel of catastrophe? In the sour Othello by William Shakespe atomic number 18 Iago gets introduced in act 1 scene 1 where he had been quetch to the sense of hearing and Roderigo that he had not been chosen to be the lieutenant and Cassio being chosen rather of him by the likes of Othello.Shakespeare from this scene had shown the audience that Iago go forth be the Stimulus in the variation causing the cataclysm in the play because we have seen that he has a motive which is to dupe revenge over Othello. This will straight show the audience that he is a villain alike character in this play because of this negative motive he has, so in the beginning of Act 1 Scene 1 Iago will be most likely seen as the villain.But on the separate hand the audience cleverness sympathise with Iago because he had not been chosen to be the lieutenant and that his motive u nderstand able-bodied but he will still not be seen as the hero but a character some people can relate with, especially in the context this play had been written, The origin are that most people watching this would have been peasants in their society and the only character they would have been able to relate with is Iago.Also that in the context of this play people cogency have been a anti-Semite(a) and not have seen Othello as a hero but Iago being a victim of Othello because his food color and that they baron believe that Othello does not deserve being a general.Iago would be most likely seen as a villain to the modern audience because of his mischievous motive and how out of proportion it is from his goal, the audience might feel sympathy for Iago but will most likely not agree what he is doing is a good enough reason to do his plan, but it is possible that the audience say he is a villain but really it is possible that the audience want him to prosper because of his wiline ss us of him and his plan.The reason for this is because most production of this genre will not be as good without a cunning villain for example in Shakespeares production Much ado about nothing Don washbasin had been the cunning villain in this play who is much a like to Iago because he had tried to antagonise someones life who had trusted him with a motive which was out of proportion to his goal with a smart plan.So the modern audience would see Iago most likely as villain but might esteem him for how mischievous he is and well thought out plan he had constructed and how in the play scratch off in such a bad state he is the poppet master in retrospect Likewise the audience will also have their opinion to Iagos character but might see him other than as the modern audience would see him, at the context of the play on that point would be two types of audiences one is the peasants and the other will be the rich.The peasants and the rich might see him differently to the rich for example, the peasants might not understand why he wants the reputation but on the other hand the rich would see it differently to the peasants. But peasants with the rich might like him because in this play he is the only character to directly speak to the audience giving a feeling to of really knowing and that we know he thoughts unlike any other character.So in extent Iago is seen both as a villain and hero to the audience in the Shakespearean ages because of the audience differently sympathies with him so I believe he would be more than of a villain at that time but they would admire him for the cunning us of his plan, like the modern audience would see him and that he did not let the fact that Othello did not make him the lieutenant drag and that he still tried to gain his reputation from Cassio and ruin the reputation of Othello doing so and since he had been trying to ruin Othello and in the context Othello might have been despised by the audience and might have believed t hat he should not be such a high ranking because of his colour. In conclusion both the modern audience would see Iago in a similar way but for different reasons, they would most likely see him as the villain but meaning they loaf him but they admire how well thought out his plan rattling is and how good he is at lying while he also has become the character who runs the show, to the extent that he would be loafed is certain but the audience who admire him is most likely to be a bigger proportion to the audience who dont. Furthermore I believe he would also be more seen as a villain because he does not suite the definition of a hero in anyway making him most likely the villain as the audience see him

Review of New Types of Relation Extraction Methods

This is explained by the fact that patterns do non tend to uniquely identify the given coitus. The remainss which participated in MUCH and deal with congener bloodline also rely on rich rules for identifying dealings (Fought et al. 1 998 Gargling et al. 1998 Humphreys et al. 1998). Humphreys et al. 1998) mention that they tried to add all those rules which were (almost) certain never to generate errors in analysis at that eruptfore, they had adopted a low recall and utmost clearcutness greet. However, in this case, many relations may be missed due to the lack of manifest rules to extract them.To conclude, knowledge-based methods ar not easily portable to other domains and involve too much manual of arms labor. However, they clear be utilise effectively if the main aim is to get results quickly in light domains and document collections. 5 Supervised Methods Supervised methods rely on a training set where domain-specific examples eave been scintillaged. much(prenomi nal) systems automatically learn extractors for relations by using machine-learning techniques. The main occupation of using these methods is that the development of a suitably tagged corpus send word take a lot of time and effort.On the other hand, these systems raise be easily adapted to a different domain provided on that point is training selective information. There atomic number 18 different ways that extractors can be learnt in order to solve the problem of supervised relation declivity kernel methods (Shoo and Grossman 2005 Bunches and Mo unrivaledy 2006), logistic regression (Kamala 2004), augmented parsing (Miller et al. 2000), Conditional Random Fields CRY) (Calcutta et al. 2006). In RE in general and supervised RE in particular a lot of research was make for IS-A relations and origination of taxonomies.Several resources were built based on collaboratively built Wisped (YOGA (Issuance et al. 2007) Depended (Rue et al. 2007) Freebase (Blacker et al. 2008) Wicking (In takes et al. 2010)). In general, Wisped is becoming much and more popular as a source for RE. E. G. (Opponent and Strobe 2007 Unguent et al. AAA, b, c). Query logs be also considered a valuable source of information for RE and their analysis is even argued to give better results than other suggested methods in the field (Passes 2007, 2009). 5. 19 Weakly-supervised Methods Some supervised systems also accustom bootstrapping to make construction of the training data easier. These methods ar also abouttimes referred to as huckleberries information source. Bring (1998) describes the DIPPER (Dual Iterative sort sexual relation Expansion) method employ for identifying authors of the books. It uses an initial underage set of seeds or a set of hand- constructed extraction patterns to begin the training process. After the occurrences of needed information are found, they are further used for citation of new patterns.Regardless of how promising bootstrapping can seem, error pr opagation becomes a serious problem mistakes in extraction at the initial stages generate more mistakes at later stages and decrease the accuracy of the extraction process. For example, errors that stretch out to named entity recognition, e. G. Extracting incomplete proper names, result in choosing incorrect seeds for the next step of bootstrapping. Another problem that can occur is that of semantic drift. This happens when senses of the words are not taken into account and therefore each looping results in a move from the original meaning.Some researchers (Korea and How 2010 Hove et al. 2009 Korea et al. 2008) have suggested ways to avoid this problem and enhance the achievement of this method by using doubly- anchored patterns (which include twain the class name and a class member) as well as graph structures. Such patterns have two anchor seed positions part such as seed and * and also one open position for the margins to be learnt, for example, pattern Presidents such as Ford and X can be used to learn names of the presidents.Graphs are used for storing information about patterns, found words and links to entities they helped to find. This data is further used for calculating popularity and productivity of the candidate words. This approach helps to enhance the accuracy of bootstrapping and to find high-quality information using only a a few(prenominal) seeds. Korea (2012) employs a corresponding approach for the extraction Of cause-effect relations, where the pattern for bootstrapping has a form of X and Y verb Z, for example, and virus cause Human-based evaluation reports 89 % accuracy on 1500 examples. Self-supervised Systems Self-supervised systems go further in do the process of information extraction unsupervised. The Knolling Web II system (Edition et al. 2005), an example of a self-supervised system, learns to label its make training examples using only a small set of domain-independent extraction patterns. It uses a set of generic win e patterns to automatically instantiate relation-specific extraction rules and then learns domain-specific extraction rules and the whole process is repeated iteratively. The Intelligence in Wisped (IPP) project (Weld et al. 2008) is another example of a self-supervised system.It bootstraps from the Wisped corpus, exploiting the fact that each article corresponds to a primary inclination and that any articles contain infusions (brief tabular information about the article). This system is able to use Wisped infusions as a starting point for training 20 the classifiers for the page type. IPP trains extractors for the various attributes and they can later be used for extracting information from general Web pages. The disadvantage of IPP is that the amount of relations described in Wisped infusions is limited and so not all relations can be extracted using this method. . 1 Open Information bloodline Edition et al. (2008) introduced the notion of Open Information Extraction, which is o pposed to Traditional Relation Extraction. Open information extraction is a novel extraction paradigm that tackles an unbounded chassis of relations. This method does not conjecture a predefined set of relations and is targeted at all relations that can be extracted. The Open Relation extraction approach is relatively a new one, so there is only a small amount of projects using it. Texturing (Bank and Edition 2008 Bank et al. 2007) is an example of such a system.A set of relinquishments lexicon-syntactic patterns is used to create a relation- independent extraction model. It was found that 95 % Of all relations in English can be described by only 8 general patterns, e. G. El Verb E . The input of such a system is only a corpus and some relation-independent heuristics, relation names are not known in advance. Conditional Random Fields (CRY) are used to identify spans of tokens believed to indicate plain mentions of relationships between entities and the whole problem of relation extraction is treated as a problem of rate labeling.The set of linguistic features used in this system is similar to those used by other state of-the-art relation extraction systems and includes e. G. Part-of-speech tags, regular expressions for detection of capitalization and punctuation, context words. At this stage of development this system is able to extract instances of the four most frequently observed relation types Verb, Noun+Prep, Verb+Prep and Infinitive. It has a number of limitations, which are however common to all RE systems it extracts only explicitly expressed relations that are primarily word-based relations should occur between entity names within the resembling sentence.Bank and Edition (2008) report a precision of 88. 3 % and a recall of 45. 2 Even though the system shows very beloved results the relations are not pacified and so there are difficulties in using them in some other systems. Output Of the system consists Of tepees stating there is some relation between two entities, but there is no generalization of these relations. Www and Weld (2010) combine the idea of Open Relation Extraction and the use of Wisped infusions and produce systems called Weepers and Weeps . Weepers improves Texturing dramatically but it is 30 times slower than Texturing.However, Weeps does not have this disadvantage and bland shows an improved F-measure over Texturing between 1 5 % to 34 % on three corpora. Fader et al. 201 1) identify several(prenominal)(prenominal) flaws in previous encounters in Open Information Extraction the learned extractors ignore both holistic aspects of the relation phrase (e. G. , is it contiguous? ) as well as lexical aspects (e. G. , how many instances of this relation are there? ). They target these problems by introducing syntactic constraints (e. G. , they require the relation phrase to match the POS tag 21 pattern) and lexical constraints.Their system Revere achieves an AUK which is 30 % better than WOE (Www and Weld 201 0) and Texturing (Bank and Denton 2008). Unshackles et al. (AAA) approach this problem from another angle. They try to mine for patterns expressing various relations and organism then in hierarchies. They explore double star relations between entities and employ frequent items mining (Augural et al. 1993 Syrians and Augural 1 996) to identify the most frequent patterns. Their work results in a resource called PATTY which contains 350. 69 pattern sunsets and substitution relations and achieves 84. 7 % accuracy. conflicting Revere (Fader et al. 201 1) which constrains patterns to verbs or verb phrases that end with prepositions, PATTY can learn arbitrary patterns. The authors employ so called syntactic- ontological-lexical patterns (SOL patterns). These patterns prepare a sequence of words, POS-tags, wildcats, and ontological types. For example, the pattern persons ads voice * song would match the strings my Heinousness low-key voice in Rehab and Elvis Presley solid voice in his s ong All shook up.Their approach is based on collecting dependency paths from the sentences where two named entities are tagged (YACHT (Hoffa et al. 2011) is used as a database of all Ones). Then the textual pattern is extracted by finding the shortest paths connecting two entities. All of these patterns are alter into SOL (abstraction of a textual pattern). Frequent items quinine is used for this all textual patterns are decomposed into n-grams (n consecutive words). A SOL pattern contains only the n-grams that appear frequently in the corpus and the remaining word sequences are replaced by wildcats.The support set of the pattern is described as the set of pairs of entities that appear in the place Of the entity placeholders in all strings in the corpus that match the pattern. The patterns are connected in one sunset (so are considered synonymous) if their supporting sets coincide. The overlap of the supporting sets is also employed to identify substitution relations between variou s sunsets. . 2 Distant Learning Mint et al. (2009) introduce a new term distant supervision. The authors use a large semantic database Freebase containing 7,300 relations between 9 cardinal named entities.For each pair of entities that appears in Freebase relation, they identify all sentences containing those entities in a large unlabeled corpus. At the next step textual features to train a relation classifier are extracted. Even though the 67,6 % of precision achieved using this method has room for improvement, it has inspired many researchers to further investigate in this direction. Currently there are a number of papers ring to enhance distant learning in several directions. Some researchers target the heuristics that are used to map the relations in the databases to the texts, for example, (Takeouts et al. 01 2) argue that improving coordinated helps to make data less noisy and therefore enhances the quality of relation extraction in general. hay et al. (2010) propose using a n undirected graphical model for relation extraction which employs distant learning but enforces pick preferences. Ridded et al. (2010) reports 31 % error reduction compared to (Mint et al. 2009). 22 Another problem that has been addressed is language ambiguity (Hay et al. 01 1, 2012). more or less methods cluster shallow or syntactic patterns of relation mentions, but consider only one attainable sense per pattern.However, this assumption is often violated in reality. Hay et al. (201 1) uses generative probabilistic models, where both entity type constraints within a relation and features on the dependency path between entity mentions are exploited. This research is similar to DIRT (Line and Panatela 2001 ) which explores distributional similarity of dependency paths in order to discover different representations of the same semantic relation. However, Hay et al. (2011) employ another approach and apply IDA (Belie et al. 2003) with a slight modification observations are relation tepees and not words.So as a result of this modification instead of representing semantically related words, the payoff latent variable represents a relation type. The authors combine three models Reel-LAD, Reel-LDAP and Type-LAD. In the third model the authors fragmentize the features of a duple into relation level features and entity level features. Relation level features include the dependency path, trigger, lexical and POS features entity level features include the entity mention itself and its named entity tag. These models output clustering of observed relation tepees and their associated textual expressions.